Introduction
CLAUDETTE is an interdisciplinary international research project attempting to empower consumers and civil society through artificial intelligence. Bringing together experts in machine learning, law, and policy, we automate the laborsome tasks of reading and evaluating terms of service and privacy policies of online platforms and apps, particularly from the point of view of the Unfair Contract Terms Directive 93/13 and the GDPR. In our work, we have also extended CLAUDETTE to work in several languages and give reasons for its assessments.
The idea behind CLAUDETTE is to empower consumers and civil society by ultimately creating user-end tools enabling everyone to quickly assess fairness of consumer contracts and privacy policies one has to accept before using online platforms. Our technology is still in experimental, laboratory form; but we are happy to show the society where we stand and listen to feedback.
We have created a beta-version of CLAUDETTE web server. For now, the function of scanning contracts (terms of services) is available. You can copy-paste any terms of service there. Give it a try, and feel free to send us feedback!
In addition, we automatically monitor, on the daily basis, changes to privacy policies of online platforms. For this purpose, we have created a CLAUDETTE version for the automated assessment of GDPR documents.
Before CLAUDETTE, which runs on machine-learning technology, we have a created a software relying on a human-made grammar, named uTerms.
Useful Links
Publications
2024
Unfair clause detection in terms of service across multiple languages
Andrea Galassi, Francesca Lagioia, Agnieszka Jabłonowska, and Marco Lippi
Artificial Intelligence and Law, 2024
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2022
AI in Search of Unfairness in Consumer Contracts: The Terms of Service Landscape
F. Lagioia, A. Jabłonowska, R. Liepina, and K. Drazewski.
DOI
Detecting and explaining unfairness in consumer contracts through memory networks
Federico Ruggeri, Francesca Lagioia, Marco Lippi, and Paolo Torroni
Artificial Intelligence and Law 30:59–92, 2022
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2021
A Corpus for Multilingual Analysis of Online Terms of Service
Kasper Drawzeski, Andrea Galassi, Agnieszka Jablonowska, Francesca Lagioia, Marco Lippi, Hans Wolfgang Micklitz, Giovanni Sartor, Giacomo Tagiuri, and Paolo Torroni.
In Proceedings of the Natural Legal Language Processing Workshop 2021, pages 1–8, Punta Cana, Dominican Republic. Association for Computational Linguistics.
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Assessing the Cross-Market Generalization Capability of the CLAUDETTE System
Agnieszka Jablonowska, Francesca Lagioia, Marco Lippi, Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz, Giovanni Sartor, Giacomo Tagiuri
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Volume 346: Legal Knowledge and Information Systems, 2021.
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2020
The Force Awakens: Artificial Intelligence for Consumer Law
Marco Lippi, Giuseppe Contissa, Agnieszka Jablonowska, Francesca Lagioia, Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz, Przemyslaw Palka, Giovanni Sartor, Paolo Torroni.
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 67: 169-190, 2020.
DOI
Cross-lingual Annotation Projection in Legal Texts
Andrea Galassi, Kasper Drazewski, Marco Lippi, Paolo Torroni
28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), pp. 915 - 926, 2020
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Explaining Potentially Unfair Clauses to the Consumer with the CLAUDETTE tool
Rūta Liepina, Federico Ruggeri, Francesca Lagioia, Marco Lippi, Kasper Drazewski, Paolo Torroni.
Natural Legal Language Processing Workshop 2020.
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2019
GDPR Privacy Policies in CLAUDETTE: Challenges of Omission, Context and Multilingualism
Rūta Liepina, Giuseppe Contissa, Kasper Drazewski, Francesca Lagioia, Marco Lippi, Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz, Przemysław Pałka, Giovanni Sartor, Paolo Torroni.
Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Automated Semantic Analysis of Information in Legal Texts.
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Consumer Protection Requires Artificial Intelligence
Marco Lippi, Giuseppe Contissa, Francesca Lagioia, Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz, Przemysław Pałka, Giovanni Sartor & Paolo Torroni.
Nature Machine Intelligence, 2019.
DOI
2018
CLAUDETTE meets GDPR: Automating the Evaluation of Privacy Policies using Artificial Intelligence
Giuseppe Contissa, Koen Docter, Francesca Lagioia, Marco Lippi, Hans-W. Micklitz, Przemyslaw Palka, Giovanni Sartor, Paolo Torroni.
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Towards Consumer-Empowering Artificial Intelligence
Giuseppe Contissa, Francesca Lagioia, Marco Lippi, Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz, Przemysław Pałka, Giovanni Sartor, and Paolo Torroni.
Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-18), 2018.
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CLAUDETTE: an Automated Detector of Potentially Unfair Clauses in Online Terms of Service
Marco Lippi, Przemysław Pałka, Giuseppe Contissa, Francesca Lagioia, Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz, Giovanni Sartor, and Paolo Torroni.
Artificial Intelligence and Law, 2018.
DOI
2017
Automated Detection of Unfair Clauses in Online Consumer Contracts
Marco Lippi, Przemyslaw Palka, Giuseppe Contissa, Francesca Lagioia, Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz, Yannis Panagis, Giovanni Sartor, Paolo Torroni.
International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems, 2017.
DOI
The Empire Strikes Back: Digital Control of Unfair Terms of Online Services
Hans-W. Micklitz, Przemysław Pałka and Yannis Panagis.
Journal of Consumer Policy, 2017.
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